How to Use Structs in C : complete guide

 

How to Use Structs in C: Get and Print Structure Variable Values

Structs are a powerful feature in C programming that allow you to group variables of different data types under a single name. This makes handling related data more efficient and organized. In this tutorial, we will learn how to create a structure, input its values, and display them with a practical example. This tutorial is beginner-friendly and uses easy-to-understand concepts.

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What is a Struct in C?

A struct (short for structure) is a user-defined data type that groups related variables under one name. These variables, known as members, can have different data types. Structs are widely used in C for organizing complex data and simplifying operations.

Key Features of Structs:

• Enables grouping of variables with different types.
• Uses a single memory block for all members.
• Allows easy access to members via the struct's name or pointers.

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Example: Program to Input and Print Struct Values

In this example, we define a struct called student with attributes for student number, name, marks, and percentage. We'll input the values for two student records and print them.

Code:

#include <stdio.h>

struct student {
    int sno, m;
    char sname[20];
    float per;
};

void main() {
    struct student s1, s2;

    printf("\nEnter sno, marks, and name for student 1: ");
    scanf("%d %d %s", &s1.sno, &s1.m, s1.sname);
    s1.per = s1.m / 3.0;

    printf("\nEnter sno, marks, and name for student 2: ");
    scanf("%d %d %s", &s2.sno, &s2.m, s2.sname);
    s2.per = s2.m / 3.0;

    printf("\nStudent 1: %d  %d  %s  %.2f", s1.sno, s1.m, s1.sname, s1.per);
    printf("\nStudent 2: %d  %d  %s  %.2f", s2.sno, s2.m, s2.sname, s2.per);
}

Pseudocode: Student Structure Program

Step 1: Start the program

Step 2: Define a structure student with:

• Integer sno (student number)

• Integer m (marks)

• Character array sname

• Float per (percentage)

Step 3: Declare two variables:

• s1 and s2 of type student

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Step 4: Input details of Student 1

• Read sno, marks, and name

• Calculate percentage

• per = marks / 3.0
  

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Step 5: Input details of Student 2

• Read sno, marks, and name

• Calculate percentage

• per = marks / 3.0
  

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Step 6: Display Student 1 details

• Student Number

• Marks

• Name

• Percentage

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Step 7: Display Student 2 details

• Student Number

• Marks

• Name

• Percentage

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Step 8: End the program

Conclusion

If you're looking for a detailed guide on C structures, including examples on how to retrieve and print structure variables, check out this informative article: C Structures Examples – Get Value of Structure Variable and Print It. This resource provides clear explanations with practical examples to help you understand how to work with structures in C programming efficiently. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, this guide will enhance your knowledge of C structures and their usage.

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